Gynaecology & Obstetrics

TREATMENTS

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1. HIGH RISK PREGNANCY

WHAT IS HIGH RISK PREGNANCY ?

Every pregnancy involves risk. A “high-risk” pregnancy is one that has higher health risks for the expectant mother, the foetus, or both. High-risk pregnant women may require more care before, during, and after delivery. This lessens the likelihood of troubles.

However, a high-risk pregnancy does not imply that you or your foetus will experience complications.

CAUSES

Pregnancy-related risk factors include:

Existing health problems.
Maternity-related health issues.
Lifestyle elements (smoking, drug addiction, alcohol abuse, etc)
Age factor (being over 35 or under 17 when pregnant)

SYMPTOMS

These symptoms are generally observed :

Abdominal ache that persists.
Extreme exhaustion
Enhanced morning sickness-like nausea and vomiting.
Unbearable headache
Difficulty in breathing
Discharge from the vagina
Movement of the foetus slows or stops
Thoughts of hurting the foetus or yourself

WHAT TO DO ?

Receiving thorough prenatal care at an early stage is essential. It is the best method for identifying and treating a high-risk pregnancy. Make it certain to let your doctor know about any prior pregnancies and your medical history. If your pregnancy is high-risk, you might require additional monitoring all during your pregnancy.

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2. PAINLESS LABOUR

WHAT IS PAINLESS DELIVERY ?

A procedure that uses a highly specific medication concentration is painless normal delivery or delivery with labour analgesia (Epidural). The medication minimises the pain while still allowing you to push your baby through the birth canal.

The main goal of an epidural is to lessen labour pain to a manageable degree. Typically, epidural analgesia fully lessens the pain when you deliver your baby.

PROCEDURE

You can sit up over a pillow, lean forward, or perhaps choose to lie on your side. You’ll be told to remain still by the doctors.
Your lower back will be cleaned by doctors using cold antiseptic. Additionally, a tiny amount of local anaesthetic will be injected beneath the skin of your lower back.
Furthermore, the needle will be inserted in the space around your spinal cord, between the bones of your spine. Once the contraction has stopped, the anaesthesiologist will also insert an epidural needle.
When you are experiencing a contraction, the anaesthetist has to be informed of it immediately.
Once the tiny soft plastic tube has been inserted, doctors will withdraw the needle. Through that catheter, the anaesthetic will be administered, progressively numbing the pains.
The pain will disappear after five to thirty minutes. The initial stage of labour benefits from an epidural, although it can be administered at any point.

SAFETY & RISK FACTORS

The use of an epidural during childbirth is perfectly safe for both the woman and the child, although it can occasionally cause adverse effects like breathing difficulties, fever, back discomfort, nausea, shaking, and disorientation.

Due to the epidural leaking into the spine, mothers may also suffer from severe migraines.

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3. INFERTILITY TREATMENT

WHAT IS FEMALE INFERTILITY ?

The disorder known as infertility affects or limits one’s capacity to become pregnant and give birth to a child. After a year of attempting to get pregnant, this is typically diagnosed in heterosexual couples. For heterosexual couples, one third of infertility causes are attributable to male issues, one third to female issues, and one third to a combination of factors or unidentified causes. Female infertility, often known as “female factor” infertility, is the term used when the female partner is proven to be the cause of the infertility.

CAUSES

Uterus Issues : Polyps, fibroids, a septum, or adhesions inside the uterine cavity are examples of uterine problems. Other anomalies (such a septum) are present from birth, whereas polyps and fibroids can arise on their own at any moment. After a procedure such a dilation and curettage, adhesions may develop (D&C).
Issues with fallopian tubes : Infertility due to the “tubal factor” is most frequently caused by pelvic inflammatory illness, which is typically brought on by chlamydia and gonorrhoea.
Ovulation issues: A woman may not ovulate (release an egg) on a regular basis for a variety of reasons. Ovulation can be impacted by a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, pituitary tumours, prior eating disorders, substance addiction, thyroid issues, and extreme stress.
Egg quantity and quality issues: Women are born with all the eggs they will ever need, but this supply sometimes “runs out” before menopause. Additionally, some eggs will have an incorrect amount of chromosomes, which prevents them from fertilising or developing into healthy foetuses. All of the eggs may be impacted by certain of these chromosomal problems, such as “balanced translocation.” Others are arbitrary but increase in frequency as a woman ages.

WHAT TO DO ?

There are numerous treatment options available when your doctor has identified the cause of female infertility and made the diagnosis. The form of treatment depends on the underlying cause of infertility. For instance, surgery may be used to correct structural difficulties, while hormone medicines may be used to treat other disorders (ovulation issues, thyroid conditions).

Many patients will need in vitro fertilisation or artificial insemination, which involves injecting cleaned sperm into the uterus after ovulation (fertilizing eggs with sperm in the lab to make embryos, then transferring the embryo into the uterus).

Women with infertility who want to have a family may also have options such as gestational surrogacy and adoption.

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4. MENOPAUSE TREATMENT

WHAT IS MENOPAUSE ?

When you reach the menopause, you will no longer get monthly periods. It signals the end of your fertile, reproductive years and is a typical component of ageing. Usually, menopause starts in your late 40s or early 50s. The reproductive cycle slows down and prepares to stop as you get older. Since puberty, this cycle has been running consistently.

Your ovaries produce less estrogen as menopause approaches. Your menstrual cycle (period) starts to shift when this drop takes place. It can start off regular, then stop. The process through which your body adjusts to various hormone levels might also result in physical changes. Your body is adjusting to these changes through the menopause symptoms you experience during each stage (perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause).

SYMPTOMS

Vasomotor symptoms, also referred to as hot flashes (a sudden feeling of warmth that spreads over the body).
Urge to urinate frequently
Trouble sleeping (insomnia).
Emotional alterations (irritability, mood swings, mild depression).
Dry tongue, dry eyes, or dry skin

Perimenopausal women may furthermore suffer the following symptoms:

Breast sensitivity
An increase in premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Irregular periods.
Heavier or lighter than usual periods.

Additionally, some people might go through

Headaches.
Aches and pains in muscles and joints.
Alterations in libido (sex drive).
Concentration issues and memory problems (often temporary).
Gaining weight
Hair thinning or loss.

WHAT TO DO ?

Your body naturally goes through the menopause phase. You might not require any menopause treatment in some circumstances. When considering menopausal treatment with your doctor, focus on addressing the symptoms that are interfering with your daily life. The symptoms of menopause can be treated in a variety of ways. The most common forms of menopause treatment are:

hormone treatment
hormone-free therapies.

To create a treatment plan that is effective for you while you are going through menopause, it is crucial to speak with your doctor.Each person is unique and has specific demands.

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5. PCOS TREATMENT

WHAT IS PCOS ?

The condition known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is brought on by an excess of male hormones produced by the ovaries, which is the organ responsible for producing and releasing eggs. Your ovaries produce exceptionally high levels of androgens if you have PCOS. Your reproductive hormones fall out of balance as a result. People with PCOS frequently experience irregular menstrual cycles, missed periods, and unexpected ovulation as a result. Due to a lack of ovulation, small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) may form on your ovaries (anovulation).

One of the most prevalent factors in female infertility is PCOS. It may also raise your risk of developing additional medical problems.

CAUSES

There is no recognised cause for PCOS. There is proof that genetics are involved. The following other factors may also contribute to PCOS:

Higher concentrations of male hormones: Ovulation is prevented by high amounts of testosterone, which results in irregular menstrual cycles. Small, fluid-filled sacs can also form in the ovaries as a result of irregular ovulation. Acne and excessive hair growth are further effects of high androgen in women.
Insulin resistance: The ovaries produce and release male hormone as a result of elevated insulin levels (androgens). Increased levels of male hormone subsequently prevent ovulation and worsen other PCOS symptoms. The way your body uses glucose (sugar) for energy is regulated by insulin. Because of improper insulin processing, which results in insulin resistance, your blood glucose levels are elevated. Although not all people with insulin resistance have diabetes or high blood sugar, insulin resistance can cause diabetes. Insulin resistance can also be influenced by being obese or overweight. Even if your blood glucose is normal, a high insulin level may be a sign of insulin resistance.
Low-grade inflammation: PCOS sufferers frequently have low-grade inflammation.

SYMPTOMS

Periods that are irregular include missing periods or not menstruating at all. It could also result in significant bleeding during periods.
Excessive facial hair and thick hair growth on the arms, chest, and abdomen are examples of abnormal hair growth (hirsutism). Up to 70% of women with PCOS are impacted by this.
PCOS can lead to acne, particularly on the back, chest, and face. Acne may persist throughout the teen years and be challenging to treat.
Obesity: Around 80% of PCOS-affected women are overweight or obese and struggle to lose weight.
Skin darkening: Patches of dark skin, particularly in the creases of your neck, under your arms, in your armpits, and in your groyne
Cysts: Small pockets of fluid are common in the ovaries of PCOS patients.
Skin tags: Skin tags are tiny skin flaps that protrude. In PCOS-afflicted women, they are frequently located on the neck or in the armpits.
Hair loss: People with PCOS may experience patches of hair loss or begin to grow bald.
Female infertility is most frequently caused by PCOS. Lack of ovulation or decreased ovulation frequency can prevent conception.

WHAT TO DO ?

Losing weight through a healthy diet and consistent exercise is one of the greatest strategies to manage PCOS. Even a slight weight loss can have an impact on hormone levels, regulate your menstrual cycle, and lessen discomfort.

Cosmetic procedures or consulting a dermatologist may be beneficial if excessive hair growth or acne is affecting your confidence.

Finally, remember that you are not alone if you have PCOS and are trying to get pregnant. With your cooperation, your doctor will assist you in getting pregnant. You can effectively control PCOS by eating well and reducing your stress levels.

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6. LAPAROSCOPY SURGERY

WHAT IS LAPAROSCOPY ?

A doctor may utilise laparoscopy, a form of diagnostic surgical treatment, to examine your reproductive and abdominal organs within your body. The method can also be used to obtain tissue samples (biopsies) for analysis. Your abdomen is sliced open, and a narrow, telescope-like instrument called a laparoscope is inserted. The doctor can examine :

Uterus.
Ovaries.
Fallopian tubes.
Liver.
Pancreas.
Gallbladder.
Spleen.
Stomach.

PROCEDURE

Your head will be lower than your feet while you lay on the operating table for a laparoscopy. For your comfort during surgery and to calm your muscles, a general anaesthesia will be administered.
Then, a little cut is made close to the navel. Through this cut, the laparoscope is introduced. The organs are more visible because of the inflation of your abdomen. Surgical tools for eliminating scar tissue or obtaining tissue samples may also be included with the laparoscope.
Another incision may be made by your doctor at the pubic hairline. This incision creates a second aperture for the instruments required to carry out simple surgical procedures.

You typically spend an hour or so in the recovery area following surgery. You will then be led to an observation room.

SAFETY & RISK FACTORS

The operation of a laparoscopy is very safe. This technique has the advantage of enabling a precise diagnosis of your ailment by your healthcare professional. Three out of every 1,000 procedures on women result in problems. Complications that could arise include:

Damage to the blood vessels and adjacent organs.
Bleeding.
Anesthesia-related issues
Infection.
Abdomen wall inflammation
A blood clot that could travel through your bloodstream and end up in your lungs, pelvis, or legs.
It is extremely rare to develop a blood clot that could move to your brain or heart and cause a heart attack or stroke.

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7. CERVICAL CANCER TREATMENT

WHAT IS CERVICAL CANCER ?

Your cervix’s surface is where cervical cancer, also known as cancer of the cervix, first appears. It takes place when precancerous cells start to develop in the cells of your cervix. Although not all precancerous cells will develop into cancer, it is crucial to identify these unfavourable cells and treat them before they have a chance to do so if you want to avoid cervical cancer.

CAUSES

The sexually transmitted HPV virus is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Whether anal, oral, or vaginal, sexual contact can transfer HPV, which has been linked to cancer. Since their bodies battle the virus, the majority of people who have HPV at some point in their lives won’t be aware of it. The cells in your cervix, though, have the potential to develop into malignant cells if your body doesn’t battle the infection.

SYMPTOMS

Early stages of cervical cancer are typically difficult to diagnose because they lack symptoms. It may take several years before cervical cancer symptoms appear. The greatest strategy to prevent cervical cancer is to find abnormal cells during testing for the disease.

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8. GYNAECOLOGY TREATMENTS

Since it opened its doors in 2011, Somani Cardiac & Gynaecology Centre has been offering the best medical care in Pune for conditions relating to the heart and women’s health. Instead of just concentrating on the surgeries, interventional cardiologist Dr. Abhay Somani and gynaecologist Dr. Rohini Somani choose to raise awareness about healthy lifestyles and illness prevention.